2011 in review

By Jamey Dunn

It was a busy year at the Statehouse as Illinois legislators passed an income tax increase, a significant change to the state’s criminal justice system and reforms to two important state systems, among other bills.

Death penalty 
Perhaps the most pivotal change to come this year was the abolition of Illinois’ death penalty. Because of the state’s checkered past of false convictions, proponents argued that the state could not in good conscience reinstate the death penalty. More than a decade ago, George Ryan called for a moratorium on capital punishment after several death row inmates were exonerated. Ryan also commuted the sentences of 167 death-row inmates to life in prison before leaving office in 2003.

Opponents argued that law enforcement officers need the threat of the death penalty as a bargaining chip when negotiating plea deals or trying to get a confession. Others argued that state should have the option for the “worst of the worst” offenders. “Seven out of 10 of those people on death row when Gov. Ryan commuted their sentences didn’t contest their own guilt,” said Sen. William Haine, a Democrat and former prosecutor from Alton.

Former Democratic Rep. Susana Mendoza said she was conflicted about supporting the abolition because she supported the death penalty, but she said her decision to vote for the repeal came after she put aside her own emotions and acknowledged how flawed Illinois’ system has been. “We’ve come horrifyingly close to executing innocent men, and it could happen again,” Mendoza said.

After taking public feedback, Gov. Pat Quinn signed the bill and communicated the sentences of all the inmates on death row. The passage of the plan resulted in some savings for the state as well as the elimination of some positions in the office of the state appellate defender's office.

Tax increase 
Early this year lawmakers voted to increase the income tax rate for the first time since 1989. Legislators voted to make that increase permanent in 1993. This year's temporary income tax hike raised the personal rate from 3 percent to 5 percent and the corporate tax from 4.8 percent to 7 percent.

Supporters said that the increase was necessary to get the state’s fiscal house in order. “This mess is a mess that is the responsibility of all of us. … It’s too late. It’s time for us to be adults, face the crisis and figure out together a solution,” said Rep. Barbara Flynn Currie, a Chicago Democrat. However, Republicans argued that Democrats did not do enough to cut the budget. Rep. Roger Eddy, a Hutsonville Republican, said that GOP calls for spending cuts have been ignored for years. “The time to be adults was eight years ago, when we were expanding programs,” he said. The measure also includes spending caps for the next four fiscal years.

The limits would be $36.8 billion in Fiscal Year 2012, $37.5 billion in FY 2013, $38.3 billion in FY 2014 and $39.1 billion in FY 2015. If legislators spend more, the tax increases will be nullified.

Worker’s compensation
Worker’s compensation reform was a top priority for all four legislative leaders and the governor at the beginning of the spring 2011 session. Lawmakers approved and Quinn signed a reform package backed by several business groups, but detractors were skeptical about how much money employers would save from the plan. The negotiations over workers’ compensation reform were tense. and at one point the bill’s sponsor — Rep. John Bradley, a Marion Democrat — threatened to call a bill that would have dismantled the entire system.

The legislation that passed in the end reduces the fees paid to doctors for treating employees by 30 percent, creates new rules for the appointment of arbitrators, who decide the outcome of claims, and requires the use of American Medical Association standards when determining workers’ level of impairment from injuries.

Republican opponents to the plan said it asks for too large a sacrifice from the medical community in the form of reduced fees and may not result in substantial savings for businesses. Doug Whitley, president of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce, said lawmakers should not think their work is done just because they made tweaks to the system. “The political leadership has to appreciate, understand, recognize that workers’ compensation is not a static action. … Even if we make progress in Illinois, that doesn’t mean that other states didn’t do things similarly. There’s a keeping-up-with-the-Joneses aspect to this.”

Education reform 
Teachers unions, education reform groups, administrators, business leaders and parents' organizations worked together on an education reform package that was generally agreed upon by all groups. The plan changes the way teachers are granted tenure, hired, fired or laid off.

Under the new law, teachers have to receive positive evaluations for three years to receive tenure. Teachers who earn “excellent” reviews in each of their first three years will also earn tenure. Teachers with tenure who receive two unsatisfactory reviews within a seven-year period could have their teaching licenses reviewed by the state superintendent and be required to complete professional development geared toward improving their performance or face having their licenses revoked. Layoffs will no longer be decided on a “last-in-first-out” basis but instead will be determined by qualifications and job performance. Seniority will only be used as a “tie-breaker.” Administrators will be free to hire any candidate for new positions instead of giving preference to teachers transferring within the district. The measure also makes it easier for districts to fire underperforming teachers.

“With this bill, we’re going to ensure that the better teachers stay and the lesser teachers go,” said Palatine Republican Sen. Matt Murphy. Half of teachers’ evaluations will be based on student performance under the new system that starts to kick in at different times for different schools based on size and student performance level. Most schools must switch to the new evaluations by 2016.

Rep. Monique Davis, a Chicago Democrat who cast the lone vote against the legislation in the House, said aspects of the bill that apply only to Chicago Public Schools, such as a greater threshold for going on strike that requires the support of a supermajority of voting union members, were discriminatory. “The intentions are good, but the results will not change a thing. I’m not going to be a union buster,” the former teacher and administrator said during floor debate. Unions outside of Chicago will need the support of half of union members to strike. The measure lengthens negotiations required before a strike and would force both sides to release their demands to the public if an impasse is reached.

Smart grid 
The two largest utility companies in the state will be able to increase customers' rates to make improvements to the state's electric grid and add so-called smart grid technologies. The plan allows Ameren and Commonwealth Edison to increase customers’ rates 2.5 percent annually to pay for improvements to the state’s electric grid ranging from basic repairs to poles and lines to cutting-edge technology that could allow utilities to prevent outages and customers to track their energy usage.

The companies are required to invest a total of $3.2 billion in the grid over 10 years. The measure also requires ComEd to create 2,000 new jobs through the plan and Ameren to create 450 jobs. If they do not meet those goals, they will be subject to fines.

Doug Scott, chairman of the Illinois Commerce Commission, which signs off on rate increases and will oversee the utilities under the plan, said the bill strips away too much regulation. “In the normal circumstance, our review serves a check to companies to spend money only on the items they are allowed by law. … We think that this bill significantly weakens that check and provides no real incentive for the companies to control their costs.”

Sponsors of the plan say the upgrades will bring economic development and allow the state’s aging grid to keep pace with modern energy demands. “Sometimes we’ve got to do what we’ve go to do,” said East Moline Democratic Sen. Mike Jacobs, who sponsored the plan. “If we’re going to have success in the 21st century, we need to have a 21st century grid.”

Gov. Pat Quinn adamantly opposed the legislation and vetoed it once it reached his desk. But the General Assembly overrode his veto in the fall session. 

Tax breaks 
After several businesses threatened to leave the Illinois, lawmakers voted to give tax breaks to some to try and stem job loss in the state. The package will give about $200 million in tax breaks to the CME group, and Sears. The plan contains other breaks meant to help businesses throughout the state — such as an extension of the research and envelopment tax credit and a reinstatement of the net operating loss provision in 2012 for losses up to $100,000. The package also offers tax breaks for individuals in the form of increasing the Earned Income Tax Credit from 5 percent of the federal credit to 10 percent over two years and linking the standard exemption to federal cost of living increases. In total, it is projected to cost about $300 million next fiscal year and $350 million by fiscal year 2014.

Up next 
The passage of the tax breaks passage spurred a call from both sides of the aisle in the House to roll back corporate income tax rates. “I think people at the time of the increase of the corporate tax realized that that was not the route to go,” House Minority Leader Tom Cross said. “Business after business potentially will be coming to the state and looking for relief, and doing it on a per-company basis is not the way to go.”

Expect the issue to get plenty of lip service, and maybe even some action, next year.
Other noteworthy pieces of legislation failed to gain in 2011 the support needed to become laws. However, the sponsors of many such bills say they will fight on. Rep. Lou Lang, a Skokie Democrat, will likely spend some time in 2012 trying to hammer out a plan gaming expansion that can pass in both chambers and gain Quinn’s signature. A plan he sponsored passed in 2011, but Quinn said it was too large of an expansion and refused to sign a bill that would allow slot machines at horse racing tracks. Without the slots for the tracks, Lang could not find the support to pass a scaled back gaming package during the fall veto session. Lang has also vowed to continue to push a bill that would allow the chronically ill access to medical marijuana. He has called various versions of such a proposal but has yet to find enough support to pass the plan in the House.

House Republican Leader Tom Cross has been unable to find the support to pass his plan to reduce pension benefits for current state employees, but he has been able to pass bills to try and reign in what many saw as abuses of the system. With a pension payment that is projected to be $5.3 billion — about $1 billion more than last fiscal year — expect to hear more about potential changes to benefits.

Illinois is the last state to allow the concealed carry of firearms, and a sponsor of a bill that would allow it says it “only a matter of time” before it happens here. The legislation failed in the House this year, but sponsor Brandon Phelps is working to drum up the votes and says he is only “five or six votes away” from House approval. “Forty other states are not wrong, I believe, and it’s not the Wild West anywhere else,” said Phelps, a Harrisburg Democrat. There are pending court cases, as well as federal legislation, that could also potentially open up the state to concealed carry.

New year brings new laws

By Jamey Dunn 

As the new year begins, more than 200 new laws will take effect in Illinois. Among them are:

Safety belts 
The new law that will likely have the broadest impact on Illinoisans is House Bill 219 (Public Act 97-0016). After January 1, passengers in the back seat of vehicles will be required to wear their safety belts. Passenger of emergency vehicles and taxis will be exempt. Those who do not wear seatbelts will be subject to a fine.

Red lights 
Motorcyclists can proceed after waiting a “reasonable” amount of time at a red light if it fails to change according to HB 2860 (PA 97-0627). Traffic signals can sometimes fail to register the weight of a motorcycle and will not change as they would for another vehicle. Motorcyclists in such a situation are required to yield to oncoming traffic.

Crime database 
HB 263 (Public Act 97-0154) will require first-degree murderers who have been released from prison to register with the state as part of an online database searchable by the public. Those released 10 years prior to the new law will not be required to register.

Internet threats
Under HB 3281(PA 97-0340) school boards will be able to suspend or expel any student who makes an online threat to another student or school employee.

DNA testing 
Those accused of certain crimes, including murder, home invasion and sexual assault will be required to provide a DNA sample. HB 263 (Public Act 97-0154) requires that DNA be destroyed if the arresting charges were dismissed or if the individual was acquitted.

Juvenile sentencing 
Judges will be required to consider the least restrictive options when sentencing a juvenile offender. Under HB 83 (PA 97-0362), incarceration must be the last resort after all other options have been exhausted or deemed inappropriate.

Electronic waste
Illinoisans will not be able to toss out old computers, and other electronic waste and landfills will no longer be allowed to accept such unwanted items. Electronic devices that cannot be thrown in the trash under Senate Bill 2106 (PA 97-02870) will include: televisions, keyboards, video game consoles, DVD players, fax machines and MP3 players, such as iPods. Consumers who throw away such items face a $25 to $50 fine, and businesses face a fine of up to $500. Instead of pitching such devices, consumers will have to take them to recycling centers.

Home cooking 
People who make foods such as certain baked goods, jams and fruit butters for sale at farmer's markets by themselves or family members can prepare such foods in their home kitchens. The law previously required that so-called “cottage foods” be made in an industrial kitchen. The exemption in SB 840 (PA 97-0393) is for anyone who sells less than $25,000 worth of food in a year.

Lasers 
Shining a laser, such as commonly found laser pointers, at an airplane that is in taking off, in flight or landing will be a Class A misdemeanor under HB 167 (PA 97-0153).

For a complete list of the 214 laws that will go into effect on January 1, see Senate Minority Leader Christine Radogno’s website.

College Illinois' investment process should be public, legislator says

By Jamey Dunn

One Illinois lawmaker says the first step to repairing the faltering College Illinois prepaid tuition program is making its investment decisions public.

Rep. Jim Durkin recently filed legislation that would require investment decisions for the program to take place in meetings that are open to the public. Such decisions are currently exempted under the Open Meetings Act. Durkin’s bill, House Bill 3923, comes after the Illinois Student Assistance Commission announced it has suspended the sale of College Illinois contracts until reforms to the program can be made.

“I’m not discouraged by what ISAC announced,” Durkin said. “They’ve taken some time to study the issue — new board, new executive director, new chairman — they’ve come to the same conclusions that we have: that we have to fundamentally change the program to keep it a viable option for parents and grandparents in Illinois.”

A recent report from ISAC showed College Illinois had a deficit of $559 million and was underfunded by about 30 percent as of March 2011. A state audit of the program released last summer found problems with the way ISAC chose contractors for investment advice. Durkin, a Republican from Western Springs, also takes issue with the types of investment being made, which have shifted to include investments in hedge funds, private banks and real estate along with the more traditional stock and bond purchases.

Durkin said he is working on a bill that would apply the investment restrictions put upon other state funds to College Illinois. He said such legislation “would require that the tools would be more conservative and not this whole world of alternative investments, which over the last three years the past board embarked on. I think it’s too risky. It’s not what parents signed up for.”

He added, “I do want to move us as far as we can off alternative investments because you either win big or you lose big.”

John Samuels, a spokesperson for ISAC, said that commission staff members are working on recommendations that will be heard at a meeting scheduled for January 29. Then, the commission will send recommendations to Gov. Pat Quinn and the General Assembly. Samuels said he thinks it will take legislation to reform College Illinois. He said that belief, along with the fact that ISAC was in the process of hiring a new actuary to set contract prices, is why contract sales were suspended. “Until we knew what the changes were, we felt it was unfair to sell contracts.” 

“We’ve got some time between now and the end of January to discuss what type of legislative changes need to be enacted,” Durkin said. The House is scheduled to return for the spring legislative session on January 31, 2012.

Durkin said that administrators should be included in the conversation because he said that the growing costs of tuition in the state are also contribution to College Illinois’ woes. “The rising cost of [college education] has caused stress upon the value of the funding within the system,” he said.

Durkin said the most important thing is to make sure that College Illinois contracts are honored. He said the future of the programs depends on the public having faith enough in it to buy contracts. “We need to market it better. We need to approach this in a better way. We’re not getting a lot of people signing up for the contracts. … I think we need to present it in a new manner to the people of Illinois and explain to them why it still is a good program.”

For more on the problems facing College Illinois, see Illinois Issues  May 2011.

Lawmakers seek to roll back corporate income tax rates

By Jamey Dunn

Just a day after passing a tax break package that would benefit some businesses, House lawmakers on both sides of the aisle are pushing for a rollback of corporate portion of the recent income tax increase.

“I think people at the time of the increase of the corporate tax realized that that was not the route to go,” House Minority Leader Tom Cross said. “Business after business potentially will be coming to the state and looking for relief, and doing it on a per-company basis is not the way to go.” Under Cross’ plan, House Bill 3918, the corporate rate would drop from the current 7 percent to 6 percent in 2013 and would return to 4.8 percent, the rate before the increase, in 2014. Any unemployment rate increase of more than .3 of a percentage point over a four-month period would trigger a .25 percent reduction in the corporate tax rate as well. However, the rate could not dip below the 4.8 percent mark.

Under current law, the corporate rate will decrease to 5.25 percent in 2015 and go back to 4.8 percent in 2025.

“This bill is both measurable and meaningful to everybody. It doesn’t cut out a particular segment of businesses in the state of Illinois. It applies to everybody. So this is a way to keep jobs,” said Rep. Dwight Kay, an Edwardsville Republican. HB 3917, filed by House Democrats, would roll the tax rate back to 4.8 percent as of January. Cross said the fact that Democrats and Republicans favor a rollback on the corporate tax makes him think some version could pass in the House. “I applaud them,” Cross said of the Democrats’ measure. “We obviously support that concept and are willing to do that.”

The proposal comes the same week lawmakers approved a tax break package geared toward keeping Sears and the CME Group, which owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade, in the state. Both companies had threatened to leave. The package included an extension of tax breaks for Sears that were set to expire and a reconfiguration of the way CME’s corporate income tax bill is figured based on its electronic sales. The plan also included other business friendly provisions, such as a reinstatement of the earned operating loss tax credit, which was suspended when lawmakers approved the income tax increase last January. Business leaders supporting Cross’ proposal called the plan passed this week a “first step” toward making the state more business friendly. They say the second step is cutting tax rates for all other corporations in the state. “In January of 2011 … we advised the members of the General Assembly that the corporate tax increases that were being proposed would be a serious mistake. And indeed, we’ve had a serious backlash and an ongoing discussions about taxes all throughout the year,” said Doug Whitley, president of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce.

The tax cut package passed this week also contained breaks for individuals, including an increase to the Earned Income Tax Credit and a provision that links the personal exemption to federal cost of living increases. Such breaks helped to draw the support of many Democrats, including Gov. Pat Quinn. Individuals saw their tax rates go from 3 percent to 5 percent under the increase earlier this year. The personal rate is set to drop to 3.75 percent in 2015 and 3.25 percent in 2025. There are no tax cuts for individuals in either the House Democratic or  House Republican plan to decrease the corporate income tax rate.“We’re very cognizant of the increase to individuals, and we have a bill to roll that back. But the bottom line is, unemployment continues to rise in this state … we need to provide jobs, and that’s the compassionate approach,” Cross said. Cross said it will take budget cuts to defray the cost of his plan, and that is why he is proposing a decrease that is phased in over two years. “Every point you drop the corporate tax, it’s about a $400 million hit. So we were very cognizant of the fact that we have a problem with our budget. And that’s why we drafted it in the way we did. We would of course like to see it rolled back immediately”

Senate President John Cullerton said he supports lowering the tax rate if the taxing base is broadened and the revenue coming in remains the same. He said a tax increase approved by the Senate in 2009 — which would have extended sales taxes to many services but only raised the corporate income tax to 5 percent — would have done the trick. “That provision was rejected by the House, and it did not pass. And as a result, when we negotiated the tax increase [that passed earlier this year], the corporate tax was as high as it was,” Cullerton said.

John Bouman, president of the Chicago-based Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law, said the state simply cannot afford such corporate tax breaks. “I just don’t think we’re in a position in Illinois to be spending large amounts of money either on expenditures or on tax expenditures while we still owe people money, including a lot of corporate tax refunds.” He said lawmakers should view tax cuts, such as $100 million in incentives given to Sears and CME, the same way they would view spending on a program. “Even if it was justified, I just don’t think we’re at a time and place where any big expend from there can be done without offsetting with either revenues or spending cuts.” He gave the example of a group appealing to the General Assembly for $100 million in spending on programs that would benefit children in the state. “Their response would be: ‘Are you nuts? We’re in a crisis here. This might be a very worthy and fair thing to do, but we just don’t have the money.’”

Bouman — who is also a member of the Responsible Budget Coalition, which supported the income tax increase — said the state should instead focus on getting out of its budget hole and paying its billions in overdue bills. “The public supports a balanced approach to this that includes revenue and also includes spending reforms, but it requires a sustained effort on both of those … because we’re not out [of the budget hole] yet. We’re not balanced. The bills aren’t being paid.” He said HB 3917 and HB 3918 do not appear to be “aimed at any kind of coherent economic or tax policy” but are instead “pretty clearly political moves” being made by lawmakers running for reelection.

“We passed just yesterday an economic growth and tax reform measure for 2011,” said Gov. Pat Quinn. He told reporters in Chicago today that he wants to pass another tax reform package next year. However, he said that a tax break shouldn’t come at the cost of education or other core areas of government. Quinn also said that tax breaks for individuals are an important part of economic stimulus. “If you’re only going to have a corporate situation, I think you’re missing the people of Illinois … so we just can’t have it all one way. We’ve got to make sure everything is balanced for everyday people who are the heart and soul of our economy.”

Quinn to get bills giving tax breaks to companies

By Jamey Dunn

Two companies threatening to leave the state will likely stick around if Gov. Pat Quinn signs tax breaks the Illinois Senate approved today, but some lawmakers say it isn’t worth the price tag.

The Senate passed two bills today that contain a plan similar to one piece of legislation that the chamber approved two weeks ago. That bill only received eight “yes” votes in the House. “The bill was separated into two pieces to allow folks who feel pretty strongly on one or the other bill to vote their consciences,” said Sen. Toi Hutchinson, sponsor of the package.

Senate Bill 400 offers tax breaks for individuals in the form of increasing the Earned Income Tax Credit from 5 percent of the federal credit to 10 percent over two years and linking the standard exemption to federal cost of living increases. SB 397 has tax breaks for Sears and the CME Group, which owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade. Sears and the CME group both threatened to leave the state in recent months. A previously approved tax credit for Sears was set to expire. The CME Group argued that it was being taxed unfairly because its income tax bill, which is based on profits made from sales, counted all sales as taking place in Illinois, but the company makes many of its sales online to customers outside of the state. Under the plan that passed today, 27.54 percent of the company's electronic sales would be used to calculate its Illinois tax bill. The package also includes tax changes meant to help businesses throughout the state, such as an extension of a research and development credit and reinstatement of a net operating loss credit. The plan is projected to cost about $300 million next fiscal year and $350 million by fiscal year 2014.

“We are in the position right now where — yes, it’s unfortunate — there are businesses that are coming and holding us over the barrel, and I understand that that leaves a bad taste in a lot of legislators' mouths,” Hutchinson said during floor debate. But Hutchinson, an Olympia Fields Democrat, said the state cannot afford to lose the jobs those companies provide. “Every one of those people who are working live here. They pay sales taxes. They pay income taxes. … We are in a serious situation right now. We did the best we could with the negotiations we had. This is a bill that you can go home and defend.”

Opponents said that the state cannot afford the plan. Many argued that giving tax breaks to companies that threaten to leave favors big business with the means to lobby the legislature and opens the door for a rush of companies threatening to leave unless the state gives them something as well. “These special deals are bad public policy,” said Sen. Kyle McCarter, a Lebanon Republican. “This is a great bill for lobbyists, in fact maybe we can rename this bill the lobbyist dream act. Because every business in this state will and probably should line up to get their money back, and they are going to need a lobbyist.

Gov. Pat Quinn, who supports the plan, said that competing with other sates and offering tax incentives to encourage businesses to remain in the Illinois is part of the current economic climate. “Every state in the union has on the books tax incentive measures that have been passed by their legislatures to try and get jobs from other states, other businesses from other states. We just have to understand that that’s what the reality is.”

Sears has indicated that if Quinn signs the plan, it will stop shopping around for a potential move. James Parasi, chief financial officer for CME, told a House committee Monday that the passage of the plan into law would keep the CME Group in the state for years to come.

Report finds Illinois juvenile justice system is "failing"

By Jamey Dunn 

A new study has found that more than half of youth imprisoned by the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice ended up back behind bars.

The report, released by the Juvenile Justice Commission today, said: “While precise data is difficult to come by — itself an indication of our current reentry shortcomings — it is clear that well over 50 percent of youth leaving Department of Juvenile Justice (DOJJ) facilities will be reincarcerated in juvenile facilities; many others will be incarcerated in the adult Department of Corrections (DOC) in the future.”

For seven of the last eight years, more than half of the incarcerated juveniles had been locked up over parole violations, such as truancy or curfew offenses. The report said, “On any given day, approximately 40 percent of incarcerated youth are technical parole violators.” The study found that 2 percent of all the incarcerated population was made up of offenders who committed a new crime while on parole. George Timberlake, chair of the commission and a former judge, said that many youth are going back to jail for “typical teenage” behavior.” The report said: "An essential measurement of any juvenile “reentry” system is whether youth returning from incarceration remain safely and successfully within their communities. By this fundamental measure, Illinois is failing." 

A 2009 law called for the commission to conduct the study and make recommendations on how DOJJ could do a better job of helping youth offenders become productive members of society. The state commission, which advises the DOJJ, looked into 230 prisoner review board hearings on juvenile cases and the cases of 400 juveniles whose parole had been revoked.

The report said a major problem is that the DOJJ, which was split off from the DOC, continues to use an adult parole system through the DOC. The commission said this one-size-fits all system is only geared toward policing youths’ behavior after release and does nothing to address their needs or help them make connections to schools, services, employment and their communities. “Responding appropriately to the differences between youth and adults does not require absolving youth of accountability for harmful behavior. Instead, it requires skilled professionals charged with moving a youth toward successful and safe return to the community,” the study said. Commissioners said that this failure of the DOJJ parole system to address the needs of youth and its focus on “surveillance” rather than rehabilitation contribute to the high rate of juvenile recidivism.

Timberlake said that parole hearings for youth, conducted by the Illinois Prisoner Review Board, are brief — sometimes lasting only minutes — and the board gave many of parolees the same terms for release. “We found them rushed, to say the least,’ he said. “Often they were the same conditions time after time after time.” He said many children were not aware of their rights, did not have legal representation and did not understand the proceedings. The report found that the proceedings were improperly recorded, and there was no system to review or reassess the board’s decisions. The commission recommended that if a juvenile faces losing parole and going back to a detention center, a court and not the review board should make that decision. Timberlake said that moving such cases in the court system would mean about one more case a day in Cook County, which would have the most cases. He said as time goes on and fewer youth are in the system, because parole changes would help more stay out of detention centers, the number of cases gets even smaller. “When you look at the numbers, it’s very doable now. And when you look at the future, it’s not even a blip on the screen.” The report said that the review board should document its hearings more thoroughly, and a legal advocate should be on hand for youth that do not have a lawyer.

The report also recommended that parole conditions be tailored to each offender and offenders have individual plans to help them get back on their feet. Case plans might include access to mental health treatment, addiction services or family counseling after release. The report said that holding a youth behind bars for one year costs $86,861. Timberlake said that community-based services, such as counseling, cost between $4,000 to $7,000 a year. “The economic ripple effect of incarceration inflates taxpayer costs even more. In human terms, we must do better for our young people and our communities. In fiscal terms, we simply cannot afford to continue business as usual,” the report said.

Arthur Bishop, director of the DOJJ, said that his department is moving in the direction of many of the commission’s recommendations. “This report and these findings are definitely in line with the mission of the Department of Juvenile Justice under this administration, which is a change the culture.” He said that the department is working to move from a “punitive model” to “therapeutic, rehabilitative” process. Bishop said that linking incarcerated youth to community programs before they are released is key to trying to keep them from coming back to prison. “Those youth tend not to commit new crimes. Those youth then can become tax-paying citizens.”

Commissioners and Bishop acknowledge that it may be difficult to find the money needed to execute the commission’s recommendation during the current budget crisis. Bishop said a previous plan from Gov. Pat Quinn to merge DOJJ with the Department of Child and Family Services has been abandoned. But he said DOJJ is working with DCFS and other agencies to provide wrap-around services to youth offenders and their families and to try to recoup federal Medicaid dollars whenever possible. “I think in some ways, we’re not just having to add new money to accomplish this, but use some services more wisely," he said.

“Certain things will cost money up front,” said Julie Biehl, a commission member and director of the Children and Family Justice Center at Northwestern University Law School.

However, she said: “It’s predicted it’s going to be saving money by not reincarcerating kids at the same rate. … Over time, I think you are going to see a tremendous cost savings to the state.”

The commission plans to release a fiscal analysis of its recommendations sometime in the next few months.

Tweaked plan for tax breaks clears the House

By Jamey Dunn

A package of tax breaks that failed miserably in the House just two weeks ago passed in the chamber today after undergoing some tweaks.

The main change supporters made to the plan was cutting it into two bills. Senate Bill 400 contained tax breaks for individuals, including raising the Earned Income Tax Credit from 5 percent of the federal credit to 10 percent over two years, and linking the standard personal exemption, which is given to all taxpayers, to federal cost-of-living increases. SB 397 included tax breaks tailored to specific businesses, as well as some cuts geared toward improving the business climate in the state.

The two bills passed today with bipartisan support. SB 397 received a whopping 81 “yes” votes, which is a far cry from the 8 “yes” votes that a similar plan passed by the Senate received on November 29. Rep. John Bradley, who sponsored SB 397, said splitting the plan into two bills made all the difference. He said the move allowed lawmakers to vote for the components they felt were most worthy without feeling like they were being log rolled into passing something they opposed.

“These two bills put together are pretty much the same as the single bill that was defeated two weeks ago,” said Rep. David Harris, a Republican from Arlington Heights who worked with Bradley on a lower-cost House plan that was never called for a vote. “I think that such is the nature of Springfield, that we end up having two bills instead of one — two bills that pretty much do the same thing but end up costing more than one.” However, Harris spoke in favor of both bills, saying that the plan was worthwhile, even if it was not ideal.

Bradley said the plan approved today would have no impact during Fiscal Year 2012, would cost less than $300 million in FY 2013 and would cost less than $350 million in FY 2014.

Rep. Barbara Flynn Currie said 2.5 million low-income, working Illinoisans qualified for the Earned Income Tax Credit in 2010. “It’s an incentive; it’s a reward for hard work, not a giveaway.” Currie, who sponsored SB 400, said giving money back to working families would help the state’s economy. “They’re going to spend it and give us back an economic boost.”

Harris agreed but said the increase in the bill was too large when weighed with other budget pressures in the state. “Many on my side of the aisle seem to be uncomfortable with the Earned Income Tax Credit. I would like to remind my colleagues for low-income wage earners … this is not welfare. This is for people who have jobs and who are productive members of society. We on this side of the aisle should not shy away from the Earned Income Tax Credit. At the same time, we should ask the question, ‘How much can we afford?’”

Other Republicans said the tax cuts for individuals simply cost too much and did not include enough relief for middle-class residents. “This state is penniless. I don’t know that anyone disagrees with it. We all want to help people, but I think if we do it we need to do it on a broad-based … basis,” said Rep. Dwight Kay, a Republican from Glen Carbon.

Floor debate on the package was briefly interrupted after protesters in the House gallery unfurled a large banner urging lawmakers not to give in to threats from businesses by offering them tax cuts. The banner hung down into the chamber until House security snatched it away and escorted the protesters out of the gallery.

The push for the bills that passed today started after the CME Group, which owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and Sears threatened to leave the state. The plan includes tax breaks for both companies, as well as southern Illinois manufacturer Champion Labs, which was added to the deal in the last two weeks.

“We spent the summer working on issues regarding reform of the tax code in Illinois, particularly with regards to businesses in the state of Illinois — trying to create a fair system, trying to create a system which made sense,” Bradley said. “Our timeline, though, for acting on this measure was increased substantially by the potential issues with the relocation of two longstanding Illinois companies, Sears and the [CME Group.]”

James Parasi, chief financial officer for CME, told a House committee this morning that the passage of the plan into law would keep the CME group in the state for years to come. And Sears thanked lawmakers for approving the plan. "We thank the House of Representatives for passing legislation today aimed at keeping Sears an Illinois company. This is a major step in the process. We appreciate the House's efforts and are hopeful that when the Senate returns tomorrow, it will follow suit,” Sears spokesman Chris Brathwaite said in a written statement.

Bradley’s bill included some ideas brought up during the summer hearings, including a return of the net operating loss credit for businesses, which lawmakers voted to suspended as part of the recent income tax increase, and an extension of a research and development tax credit. Bradley said those provisions should help small- and medium-size businesses throughout the state. He added that a measure creating a larger exemption for the estate tax would help family farmers when their land and operations are passed down to their heirs. Bradley has vowed to continue legislative efforts to reform the state’s tax code.

Opponents to the tax cuts for businesses said the state cannot spare the revenue in a time when other vital programs such as education are being cut. “I am outraged that the state of Illinois would give the CME group a tax break while education spending in the state is languishing, and quite frankly, in a state of absolute crisis,” said Kit Main, a member of the Chicago-based community organization Northside P.O.W.E.R. and the group Make Wall Street Pay Illinois, told a House Committee this morning. 

House Republican Leader Tom Cross, who worked with Bradley on the bills that passed today, acknowledged that many in the House disliked some parts of the plan. “There’s a lot of angst on this bill today, I realize that.” But Cross said lawmakers will take many difficult votes in the future, especially in regards to the state’s budget. He said $1 billion more in pension obligations due next year, as well as a stack of Medicaid bills that will be pushed into FY 201,3 would result in the need for unpopular budget decisions. We no longer have any easy choices,” Cross said during floor debate. “You think today’s tough? You think today is a difficult vote. I can’t imagine what it’s going to be like next year. … You ain’t seen nothing yet.” Cross called for sweeping reforms to the tax code, including a reduction in the corporate income tax rate. “If we are going to accept the fact that this state is in as bad of shape as it is — and it is — and we want companies to stay, the picking and choosing [for tax breaks] has got to stop.” Cross said he was optimistic about the Senate approving the two bills when they are in session tomorrow because they are much like a plan the chamber approved two weeks ago.

A prepared statement from Gov. Pat Quinn indicates that he is on board with the plan. Quinn originally supported increasing the Earned Income Tax Credit to 15 percent of the federal rate, but he said the deal that passed today provides “help for both hard-working families and employers.” He also encouraged the Senate to “take swift action tomorrow.”

Federal bill would allow concealed carry in Illinois

By Jamey Dunn

After state legislation to allow concealed carry of guns in Illinois was shot down, some Illinois lawmakers are working at the federal level to open the door to concealed carry in the state.

U.S. Rep. Timothy Johnson is sponsoring a bill that would allow individuals who hold concealed carry licenses from other states to carry firearms in Illinois. “Overturning this prohibition in Illinois is long-overdue,” Rep. Johnson said. “Law-abiding citizens deserve the right to protect themselves. Over 100 years of Supreme Court rulings and the 14th Amendment guarantee that no state can deny the rights and privileges of any citizen. The Second Amendment could not be more clear on this issue. Forty-nine other states understand this and have reasonable policies in place to ensure that only law-abiding people willing to go through authorized safety training are permitted this right. The only reason Illinois is the exception is Cook County. This is not acceptable,” Johnson said in a written statement.

State Rep. Brandon Phelps, a sponsor of legislation that would allow concealed carry in Illinois, said he supports Johnson’s bill.  Phelps' bill to legalize concealed carry failed in the Illinois House earlier this year. He said Illinois residents currently hold licenses for concealed carry in other states, and those licenses should apply here. Illinois is the only state in the union that does not allow some form of concealed carry after Wisconsin legalized concealed carry earlier this year.

Phelps, a Harrisburg Democrat, said he is about “five or six” votes short of the supermajority he would need to pass his bill. Because the bill would overrule home rule authority, it requires more than a simple majority. He said if Illinois would allow concealed carry, as opposed to accepting licenses from out of state, it would mean more revenue in the form of fees associated with licensing. “This can bring in a lot of money, people don’t realize that.”

Phelps thinks it is “just a matter of time.” Before some form of legal concealed carry happens in Illinois. He points to several pending court cases on the issues. “If it goes through the courts…it will be wide open.” He said his bill is preferable, because it contains restrictions on eligibility and where weapons can be carried. He said if Johnsons’ bill becomes law,  he would back a state plan that would add some restrictions.

“Forty other state’s are not wrong, I believe, and it’s not the Wild West anywhere else,” Phelps said.

However, opponents say that concealed carry would not make the state a safer place. “Public safety has been and continues to be one of Gov. [Pat] Quinn’s top priorities, which is why he is opposed to allowing people to carry loaded, concealed handguns in public places, such as college campuses, parks, malls and our city streets,” said a written statement from Quinn’s office. Quinn spoke out against Phelps' bill during the regular legislative session. He has vowed to veto any concealed carry legislation that comes to his desk. “We must ensure the safety of our neighborhoods and allowing concealed carry does not advance that goal. Our streets need to be safer, and a concealed carry law would put first responders and the public at risk by allowing more weapons – hidden weapons – in public places. Guns must not fall into the wrong hands and our current regulatory system is antiquated – there are large gaps when it comes to identifying individuals who should be prohibited from carrying weapons. We cannot allow those individuals to carry loaded, hidden weapons.”

House reaches deal on tax breaks

By Jamey Dunn

Members of the Illinois House working on a plan geared toward keeping businesses in the state say they have reached a deal.

Lawmakers returned to the Statehouse last week in hopes of passing tax breaks for Sears and the CME Group, which owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade. Legislation passed in the Senate but only received 8 “yes” votes in the House. John Bradley, sponsor of a separate House plan, announced that he would not call his bill in that chamber because he lacked to support to get it through. Senate President John Cullerton said that Bradley’s measure could not pass in the Senate.

The House and Senate plans differed in the size of tax breaks individuals would receive. The House plan would have increased the Earned Income Tax Credit from 5 percent of the federal credit to 7.5 percent, but the Senate version would have increased the credit to 10 percent over two years. The General Assembly left without approving a plan, and House Democrats and Republicans have been working to reach a deal since.

Supporters hope to have better luck when legislators return next week. “After days of carefully weighing the costs and benefits of possible proposals, [House Minority Leader Tom] Cross and I crafted a bipartisan package of tax relief that will keep jobs in Illinois, spur further investment in new products by our manufacturers and provide tax relief for families and small businesses,” Bradley, a Marion Democrat, said in a written statement.

The “deal” is very similar to the plan that passed in the Senate, but this time the plan is split into two bills. Some Republicans in the House did not support the tax cuts for individuals in the plan, and some House Democrats were unwilling to settle for the smaller individual tax breaks contained in the House proposal. Splitting the two will allow lawmakers to vote for the aspects they support without having to vote for the other portion. Cross has pledged Republican support for the business tax incentives, something he did not do for the first version of the plan. “We have come to an agreement on a jobs package that will give some relief to a broad base of businesses in our state. This package will allow businesses to plan on longer term research and development and the ability to carry their losses forward in a tough economy. It will also lessen the tax burden on our family farmers and small businesses,” he said in a prepared statement.

Champion Labs in Albion has been added to the deal. The southern Illinois manufacturer would receive a credit that would cost the state $3.5 million over 10 years. The plan also includes other tax cuts that sponsors say will help businesses across the state, such as an extension of a tax break for research and development.

After one package went down in flames last week, reactions to the current deal were guarded. “We are encouraged that they are returning to Springfield to consider a package that will help us remain an Illinois company,” Sears spokesman Chris Brathwaite said in a written statement. “We sincerely appreciate the efforts of many members of the General Assembly over the last several months on our behalf.”

Gov. Pat Quinn said he would not sign a plan unless is contained “significant relief for working families.” He did support the Senate proposal, and the new agreement includes the larger increase to the Earned Income Tax Credit — 10 percent over 10 years.

It seems unlikely that Quinn would sign the business tax breaks bill unless the measure including the individual tax cuts also makes in to his desk.“The governor is very encouraged with the bipartisan agreement reached in the House. Before veto session, we brought the leaders to the table with the goal of delivering economic growth and tax reform that would provide relief to working families and help employers put more people to work,” Brooke Anderson, a spokesperson for Quinn, said in a written statement. “As we head into Monday's session, we'll continue working closely with the leaders and sponsors to get the job done. A spokesperson for Cullerton said the president’s staff is still reviewing the new bills.

The House is scheduled to return to Springfield on Monday, and the Senate plans to be back in session on Tuesday.

Is Blagojevich's sentence enough to deter corruption?

By Jamey Dunn

Almost three years after his arrest on corruption charges, former Gov. Rod Blagojevich was sentenced to 14 years behind bars today, but some say the work to clean up “pay to play politics” in the state is not done.

“The long Blagojevich nightmare is over,” Andy Shaw, director of the Better Government Association, said in Chicago after the sentence came down today.

While the sentence is shorter than the 15 to 20 years that prosecutors requested for Blagojevich's 18 felony convictions, it is the longest prison term ever doled out for corruption in the state. Blagojevich was reportedly contrite today when he addressed U.S. District Judge James Zagel, saying he was sorry and that he has no one to blame but himself. According to the Chicago-Sun Times, Zagel told Blagojevich, “When it is the governor who goes bad, the fabric of Illinois is torn and disfigured and not easily or quickly repaired.” Blagojevich is must surrender on February 16, 2012. Under federal guidelines, he is required to serve 85 percent, almost 12 years, of his sentence. He was also hit with almost $22,000 in fines and penalties.

However, after the sentencing, Blagojevich vowed to fight on. “This is a time to be strong. This is a time to fight through adversity. This is a time for me to be strong for our children, be strong for Patti,” he told reporters in Chicago. “We’re going to keep fighting on though this adversity, and we’ll see you soon.” Blagojevich dusted off one of his favorite literary works, quoting Rudyard Kipling’s If, a poem he has been citing in speeches for years.

“It’s profoundly sad that we are here for the second time in five years to discuss the conviction and sentencing of a governor of Illinois.” U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald said today in Chicago. He said the sentence should deter future corruption and that it “sends a strong message that the public has had enough and judges have had enough. This needs to stop.”

Fitzgerald said that an end to corruption in Illinois would come with a change in public sentiment. He said that “to some extent” people are “resigned to corruption.” He encouraged citizens to become whistleblowers and change the climate so that those who would seek money or personal benefit in exchange for a political act “should be afraid to ask.”

Lt. Gov. Shelia Simon said Blagojevich’s sentence does not ensure an end to political malfeasance in the state. "We cannot rely on a prison sentence to deter corruption,” Simon said in a prepared statement. “Illinois needs stronger ethics laws to kill pay-to-play politics. It's time we expose conflicts of interest before they cost taxpayers, and clear the way for true public servants to rebuild trust with the public. Increased transparency, coupled with the threat of serious prison time, can end these shameful courtroom battles. Together we can put this chapter behind us, restore integrity to government and live up to our legacy as the Land of Lincoln.” Simon, who served on an ethics commission that made recommendations to the General Assembly in the wake of Blagojevich’s impeachment and removal from office, said the former governor’s conviction and sentencing provide an opportunity to have “public conversation again” about ethics in the state.

Dick Simpson, a professor and head of the Department of Political Science at the University of Illinois Chicago, agreed with Simon. “I don’t think that the sentence will be enough to deter corruption in the future.” He said that more recommendations from the ethics commission should be enacted. Simpson said that the job of cleaning up Illinois requires an educated public. “I think the most important single [recommendation to act on] would be to reintroduce into the public school system … both civics and the cost of corruption, and those are not taught in most schools anymore.”

He said students should be made aware of both the monetary costs of corruption as well as the human toll. “You can show examples of what happens when you can’t trust the policeman or you can’t trust the inspector and how it undermines trust in government and willingness to pay taxes. It’s not hard to put together a curriculum.”

He added, “Teaching political and civic engagement, rather than just the three branches of government, would be useful.”

He said that locking up offenders would never address the problem on a holistic level. “No amount of sentences would be sufficient. … Catching one crook at a time is not enough. It’s good that we punish people, but it isn’t sufficient.”

Gov. Pat Quinn called his predecessor’s sentence “stiff” but “necessary.” Quinn said there is “more work to do” to implement reforms, including enacting recommendations of the ethics commission. He renewed his call for a change to the state Constitution that would allow for citizens to put ethics measures on the ballot for a popular vote by collecting a enough voters’ signatures. Quinn said such initiatives, if passed, could apply to any level of government in the state. “We should not just have to rely on a legislature, or city councils or county boards [to pass ethics measures.]”

Quinn added, “We need to have a way for people to bypass the insiders to enact reforms that the people, the taxpayers, think are necessary.”

When asked about being Blagojevich’s running mate twice, Quinn said, “I think he let me down like he let down the people of Illinois.”

Other reading:
For more on the lack of civic education in Illinois schools, see Illinois Issues, September 2011.

For more on the history of political corruption in Illinois, see Illinois Issues Blog, December 2008.

For courtroom reporting on the sentencing, see the Chicago-Sun Times and the Chicago Tribune.

Quinn and Rutherford spar over borrowing

By Jamey Dunn

State Treasurer Dan Rutherford said today he will not keep quiet about his thoughts on state borrowing or Illinois’ dire financial situation.

Last week, Gov. Pat Quinn voiced frustration over Rutherford’s recent comments on the state’s debt and financial standing. Rutherford called Illinois the “most bankrupt state in the nation” and has publicly warned Wall Street investors not to buy more of the state's debt.

Quinn told reporters in Chicago that he is “disappointed” in Rutherford for not being more cooperative on billions in borrowing that Quinn has proposed to pay off some of the state’s backlog of overdue bills. “I used to be state treasurer, and I know you can work with a governor,” Quinn said. “I’m a little disappointed in Treasurer Rutherford.”

Quinn has argued that the interest costs on loans would be cheaper than the interest the state is required by law to pay vendors on late bills. “I think if we do it in a good public finance way, we can save the taxpayers millions of dollars and help our business get paid the vouchers and invoices that they have quicker.” The plan has failed to gain traction in the legislature.

When asked if Rutherford’s public negative comments created fears that could lead to a credit rating downgrade for the state, Quinn recalled an old security slogan. “My father was in the United States Navy. Loose lips sink ships, and I think maybe Treasurer Rutherford should commit that to memory.”

“The governor has got to understand that this is not a secret." Rutherford said today that Quinn and others cannot hide from the reality of the budget — especially new information from Moody’s Investor Services that the state’s required pension payment next fiscal year, estimated to be about $5.3 billion, will be more than $1 billion higher than the payment for the current fiscal year. Moody’s estimates that the payment will account for about 14 percent of general revenue fund spending for Fiscal Year 2013. The bond credit rating agency described the state’s pension obligation as a “credit negative.”

“When Moody’s just came out within the last week talking about this new revelation about the greater payments that are going to be necessary in our pension funds, that’s no secret, governor. Everybody knows it. We’ve got to address it.” He said that when lawmakers passed a tax increase in January, they should have leveraged the prospect of new revenue to force cuts and pensions reform as part of an overall plan. “They didn’t put together the rest of the deal. … They blew it here in Springfield.”

Rutherford said he is willing to work with Quinn on short term borrowing — to be repaid within a year — to address cash-flow issues. But he said he would continue to be a vocal opponent of any other new borrowing. “Don’t loan my state any more money, they are addicted to debt.”

Rutherford clarified his statement about the state being bankrupt, noting that Congress has not voted to allow states to default. However, Rutherford said if the state were a private entity, it would be facing bankruptcy. He said he does not support proposals to allow states to default because vendors who have done business with the state would potentially get short changed. “If someone sold bread to the Pontiac penitentiary, that vendor should get the dollar for dollar, rather than [price] negotiated by a federal bankruptcy judge and get 80 cents on the dollar.”

Rutherford made his comments today at a news event announcing the start of an online auction to sell unclaimed property. After unclaimed property left in safety deposit boxes is held by banks for five years, it is passed on to the treasurer’s office, which then tries to locate the rightful owners. If the owners cannot be found, the state auctions off the property. Rutherford said the state has been searching for the owners of everything in the current auction for at least five years.

If owners come forward after an item has been sold, they are still entitled to the cash amount that the item was appraised for. Rutherford said of unclaimed property, much of which is kept in a vault under the state Capitol building, “it never becomes the property of the state. As the treasurer, I’m only the caretaker.” The online auction started today and will close  December 11. Rutherford said holding the auction online will bring the cost to the state down from about $29,000 to about $2,000.

Advocates hope for federal Internet sales tax solution

By Jamey Dunn

Illinois retailers are renewing a push for a federal law that would require online vendors to collect taxes on their sales.

Illinois lawmakers passed a law earlier this year that requires online sellers to collect state taxes if they work with marketers located in the state. Amazon.com and Overstock.com severed ties with marketers Illinois, which led to a few of such businesses to leave the state. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states cannot require businesses to collect the tax unless they have a physical presence in the state.

While the Illinois law may have chased off some businesses, proponents say it helped to draw national attention to the issue. Illinois' law has begun to bring in some tax dollars. According to the Department of Revenue, dozens of  Internet retailers have registered with the state. Sue Hofer, a spokesperson for the department, said it does not yet have figures on how much is being collected under the law. “We are making process. It’s not everyone, and it certainly isn’t several of the much larger ones,"  Hofer said.

Until recently, Amazon and other large online retailers either cut ties in states that tried require them to collect taxes or fought the issue in court. Amazon lost its legal battle in New York and currently collects taxes there. However, the company worked out a deal with California lawmakers that has led to Amazon actively lobbying for a law to address the issue nationally. If a national solution does not pass, Amazon has agreed to collect taxes in California next year.

U.S. Sen. Richard Durbin has backed a national solution for years, but retailers, both online and brick and mortar, say a new version of the Illinois Democrat's plan has a real shot at approval in Congress.

Bricks-and-mortar retailers maintain that not collecting the taxes gives online sellers an advantage because they can offer what seems to be a lower price. Illinois residents who buy goods from non-collecting Internet retailers still owe the tax and are required to declare their purchases on their income tax returns. This was the first year that the Illinois Department of Revenue included a line on tax returns specifically for online purchases. According to the department, residents declared their purchases on about 270,000 returns, bringing in an estimated $11 million in revenue for the state. Those advocating for Durbin’s plan say that is a fraction of the revenue that could come in if online retailers were required by Congress to collect the tax.

David Vite, president of the Retail Merchants Association, says expecting customers to keep track of their online purchases — as well as differentiate between a seller such as Target that does collect the sales tax because it has stores in the state and one such as Amazon that doesn’t — isn’t realistic, and the consequences for getting it wrong are too dire. “They are confronted with possible perjury charges. They are filing a false income tax return. That’s not fair to the customer. That’s not fair to the citizens,” he said.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruling that bars states from making out-of-state retailers collect taxes focused on mail order purchases and did not address online sales because it was made 1992, long before e-commerce was a consideration. The court did open the door in its opinions for Congress to revisit the topic. “The underlying issue is not only one that Congress may be better qualified to resolve but also one that Congress has the ultimate power to resolve. No matter how we evaluate the burdens that use taxes impose on interstate commerce, Congress remains free to disagree with our conclusions. … Accordingly, Congress is now free to decide whether, when, and to what extent the states may burden interstate mail order concerns with a duty to collect use taxes.”

A new plan, called the Marketplace Fairness Act in the U.S. Senate and the Marketplace Equity Act in the U.S. House, would allow states to require tax collection if they take steps to streamline taxes and make the process simpler for retailers, which would likely be collecting taxes across multiple states. Previous versions would have required states to sign onto a universal Streamlined Sales Tax Agreement.

Under the new proposal, states could sign onto the agreement or take less sweeping steps to simplify tax collection, such as agreeing to a universal classification of items for taxing purposes. Currently, a snack cake may be classified for taxing purposes as food in one state and candy in another, or a scarf might be clothing in one state and an accessory in another. These different classifications might also be taxed at different rates. The goal is to build a classification system that applies nationwide. “The Market Place Equity Act would be easier to comply with for the state of Illinois,” Vite said.

The act is currently held up in Congress over concerns about what size businesses it should apply to. Lawmakers are considering an exemption for small business. Talks on the exemption size range from businesses bringing in $500,000 each year to up to $1 million. Some retailers, such as eBay, say that a small business exemption in the law should be larger, potentially up to $30 million.

“The idea that small business retailers on the Internet are a threat to the survival of small business storefronts is ridiculous. The threat to small independent retailers is coming from giant multibillion-dollar competitors online and offline, which has been the case for nearly half a century,” Tod Cohen, vice president and deputy general counsel of government relations for eBay, told a U.S. House committee this week according to a written transcript. “You hear a lot about fairness in this debate. Some have claimed that a 'level playing field' means all retailers using the Internet should be held to the same remote sales tax standard. However, sameness is not fairness. Small businesses retailers face many competitive disadvantages when compared to larger retailers. They have proportionally higher costs of doing business, including providing employee benefits. And one must especially consider the costs of shipping when considering the playing field for small e-commerce businesses. Shipping prices, as with other costs, are directly related to sales volumes and how close the retailers [are] to the customer.”

But Amazon and others oppose such a large exemption. “Fairness among sellers should be created and maintained. Sellers should compete on a level playing field. Congress should not exempt too many sellers from collection, for these sellers will obtain a lasting unlevel playing field versus Main Street and other retailers. Congress should rectify the current imbalance and avoid a future imbalance,” Paul Misener, vice president for global public policy for Amazon.com, told the House committee this week, according to the written transcript. “With today’s computing and communications technology, widespread collection no longer would be an unconstitutional burden on interstate commerce, and Congress feasibly can authorize the states to require all but the very smallest volume sellers to collect.”

Vite said he doubts the commitment of retailers who want a high threshold for exemption. “I’m not sure they’re serious about getting anything done yet. Amazon is.” Vite and others are hopeful that a solution can be reached soon, whether it is the new plan, which has bipartisan support, or a version of Durbin’s previous proposals. “Whichever one passes, we’re happy with,” he said. “The Marketplace Equity Act is probably the [plan] that has the most likelihood of passing.”

For more on the effort to collect sales tax on online purchases, see Illinois Issues April 2011

Lawmakers say budget deal fixed mistakes

By Jamey Dunn

A plan the General Assembly approved yesterday to shift money to and from various funds would correct what some lawmakers say were errors in the original budget they passed last spring.

The agreement that Gov. Pat Quinn and the legislative leaders reached yesterday was primarily meant to halt the looming closures of seven state facilities and the layoffs of almost 2,000 employees. However, additional money would be filtered toward human services programs, such as addiction treatment, mental health services and programs to combat homelessness. The plan would be paid for with money from Quinn's budget vetoes and transfers from state funds outside the General Revenue Fund.

Sara Moscato Howe, chief executive officer of the Illinois Alcohol and Drug Dependence Association, said that the original budget cut allocations for addiction treatment further than the House budgeting committee for human services intended. “We were reduced by about 25 percent when the budget came out in July, and that was not the intention of the legislature,” Moscato Howe said.

“It was essentially a math problem,” said Chicago Democratic Rep. Sara Feigenholtz, who heads the human services budgeting committee in the House. She said the committee was working off of last fiscal year’s spending numbers without accounting for an infusion of funds late in the fiscal year by Quinn to ensure that addiction treatment was funded through the end of FY 2011. “We found ourselves $28 million in the hole.” Feigenholtz said that the lump sum budgeting process that lawmakers resorted to for the first two years Quinn was in office made it difficult to track when and where Quinn may have shifted money. “Hopefully, now that we’re line-iteming our budgets again, these kinds of errors will not occur again.”

Feigenholtz said a cut to mental health services was also inadvertent, resulting from a much less complicated mistake. “The mental health cuts were a typographical error, frankly.” She said House members meant for the funding level to be approximately $143 million, but “somebody hit an extra one” and turned the number into $114 million. The House passed a trailer bill last spring to correct the issue, Feigenholtz said, but the Senate did not take it up for a floor vote. She said that before yesterday's vote to reallocate funds, the human services budget “was heading in the opposite direction than the committee had intended to move.”

Moscato Howe said addiction treatment providers had cut programs, laid off workers and extended waiting lists in the last six months because of what is now being described as an accidental cut. “We’ve been cut every single year. Without this restoration, we were down 50 percent from where we were in FY [20]09.” She said that addiction treatment has never been funded to a level that could offer “treatment on demand,” but she said new funds should help cut wait times for patients.

Feigenholtz said she hopes human services will stop being a primary target for cuts. While human services have seen some cuts during the current budget crisis, providers have also had several brushes with the possibly of debilitating cuts, only to have them scaled back at the 11th hour. “Human service providers, just like any businesses in this state, deserve predictability,” she said. “We have to get them off this roller coaster.”

Those hoping for more education dollars were disappointed by the plan approved yesterday. No funds would be put back into general state aid, which was cut under the House budget passed last spring, or school transportation funding, which was cut by Quinn’s vetoes.

“It would be wonderful if we could [restore general state aid funds],” David Vaught, Quinn’s budget director said. “That’s a policy objective of the governor he’d very much like to see addressed. …We’ve got a lot more to do on the education priorities.

“One hundred million dollars was vetoed out of the budget for education by the governor, and none of it was restored,” said Rep. Roger Eddy, who is a school superintendent in Hutsonville. “It was cut more than the other budgets.”

Eddy, who is the ranking Republican on the House education budgeting committee, pushed for more transportation spending in the FY 2012 that budget after Quinn had cut them from the FY 2011 budget. “All we’re doing is reimbursing districts for what’s required," Eddy said. But Quinn removed the money with his veto pen.

Eddy said that during negotiations for yesterday's deal,  downstate lawmakers went through a list of funds looking for the approximately $30 million they believe is needed to go toward transportation, and they offered to give up more than $20 million out of funds that are vital to downstate Illinois. Eddy pointed specifically to $4.5 million moved out of a tourism promotions fund, $6 million from the Downstate Public Transit Fund, $1.4 million from a conservation fund and $1 million from a fund meant to address the digital divide that were included in the overall budget plan that passed yesterday.

“It’s almost like a bait and switch,” Eddy said. “Bottom line is, I’m not sure we would have agreed to taking that money out of downstate funds if it wasn’t going to go toward education.”

Vaught said Quinn’s administration negotiated with Republicans in both the House and Senate. “This agreement was put together with both sides of the aisle,” he said. “We did something that they haven’t been able to do in Washington -- you know, actually get both parties to agree to do spending changes and reductions.”

Pension fund
One fund transfer, out of a fund that feeds the State University Retirement System, raised eyebrows yesterday. Money from that fund, which contains dollars brought in from unclaimed property, normally goes into SURS, and then any shortfall from the required payment is covered through general revenue funds. The original budget did not appropriate $95 million from that fund. According to Senate Democratic staff, the money was sitting idle and would not go into SURS without legislation to move it. Lawmakers voted to push the $95 million into SURS and shifted the $95 million from general revenue funds to other spending in yesterday’s plan. So after that shell game, the total amount of money that would have ended up in the pension system -- without lawmakers voting to add more -- is still there.

Tax plan fails while budget plan sails

By Jamey Dunn

In a session day that one legislative leader described as “ a mixed bag,” lawmakers approved a budget deal to keep state facilities open but failed to pass a tax incentive package geared at keeping businesses in the state.

 Legislators returned to the Statehouse today for a single session day that was scheduled for the explicit purpose of approving a tax break plan meant to appease the CME group, which owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade, and Sears. Both businesses have threatened to leave the state in recent months.

 But the two chambers were unable to agree on a bill. Yesterday, a House committee approved Senate Bill 397, scaled back version of previous plans that had been floated. However the Senate approved House Bill 1883 this afternoon. (Each chamber amended a bill from the other chamber and added its plan.) The Senate measure mirrors the House version except for a few important areas that became the sticking points that prevented lawmakers from finding an agreement that could clear both chambers today.

 “We just don’t have an agreement yet as far as I know,” said Senate President John Cullerton.

HB 1883, like  SB 397, offers about $200 million in tax breaks to CME and Sears. Both bills also include an extension of the research and envelopment tax credit and a reinstatement of the net operating loss provision in 2012 for losses up to $100,000.

However, the proposal from the Senate offers more tax breaks for individuals. Under SB 397 the earned income tax credit would increase from 5 percent of the federal credit to 7.5 percent in 2012 and 10 percent in 2013. The House version only calls for an increase of 7.5 percent. The Senate plan would link the personal tax exemption to the federal exemption, while the House plan would only tack on a flat $50 to the exemption. The House shot down HB 1883, with 99 “no” votes and only 8 “yes” votes. Cullerton said he doubts that the Senate would approve SB 397 because of the lower earned income tax credit.

Rep. John Bradley, who worked on SB 397, said many in the his chamber think the proposal from the Senate is too costly. He said his plan relies on a tax credit that is being fazed out and would not dip into general revenue funds in the near future. “We had created a package that we felt was sustainable without getting into general revenue funds,” he said. Bradley, a Marion Democrat, said the Senate’s larger earned income tax credit would cost about $50 million more than the House plan annually, and the personal exemption would be about $25 million a year.

Bradley announced on the House floor that he did not have enough support to pass his own plan. “At this point and time,we have reached a temporary impasse. This is not going to happen tonight,” Bradley said.  “We are prepared to come back as soon as there is an agreement and as soon as we are able to work this out in order to save the two companies that are threatening to leave and in order to try to provide relief to working families and relief to small business in Illinois. Unfortunately, that day is not today. Whether it’s tomorrow the next day or next week, we’re prepared to come back as soon as this is settled.”

“I think there’s ample time,” Gov. Pat Quinn said as he was leaving the Capitol this evening to catch a plane. Clearly the House and the Senate are deeply divided on the issue.”  Quinn said he thinks lawmakers should “take a step back.”

He added: “If you’re going to have any kind of tax relief package, it must have significant relief for working families — raising kids, working hard. That’s my fundamental bedrock principle. And unless that happens, there won’t be any action.” Quinn supported the Senate version of the tax plan.

“We are disappointed that today, the legislature was not able to reach agreement and pass a package that will help us remain an Illinois company,” Sears spokesman Chris Brathwaite said in a written statement.  “It is our hope that lawmakers will achieve a compromise very soon as our timeline for making a decision about our future by the end of the year has not changed.  We sincerely appreciate the efforts of many members of the General Assembly over the last several months on our behalf.”

The General Assembly did approve budget changes late this evening that are meant to avert the seven state facility closures and nearly 2,000 layoffs that Quinn announced in September.

Under the new plan, the facilities would remain open through the current fiscal year, paving the way for the governor’s plan to close some state facilities in what he describes as a slower and more deliberative manner.

“[The legislation] will enable us to create a sensible, reasonable, responsive and effective plan for moving people from state operated facilities into the community,” said Rep. Barbara Flynn Currie, who sponsored the budget plan in the House. Currie, a Chicago Democrat, said the proposal would not put state spending over the caps set with the income tax approved in January.

The plan combines money from the governor’s budget vetoes with cash transferred from various state funds and Medicaid reimbursements brought in from the federal government. The total amount of dollars shifted would be more than $270 million, and a strategy called “churning” is projected to bring in an additional $136 million in Medicaid dollars from the feds.  Just over $200 million is slated to keep state facilitates open. Additional money would be spent on human services and other programs that Quinn and some lawmakers did not want to see cut in the budget that was approved in the spring, including:

• $30 million for mental health programs.
• $4.7 million for programs to combat homelessness.
• $8 million for indigent burials.
• $28 million for substance abuse programs.
• $33 million for Monetary Award Program grants for college students.

Opponents voiced frustration over the funds that were not restored. Rep. Roger Eddy, who is a school superintendent in Hutsonville, said it was “unfair” that money for transportation, which has been drastically cut in recent years, was not restored when state law requires schools to provide transportation.  Eddy, a  Republican, said the transportation cut hits downstate school districts harder than Chicago districts, which are mostly represented by Democrats. Eddy said downstate legislators agreed to shift money from funds for spending that did not end up in the final bill. “That money wasn’t used exactly the way we thought it was going to be used.” The plan passed with no debate in the Senate.

Kelly Kraft, a spokesperson for Quinn’s budget office, said Quinn is working to avoid all layoffs announced under his original closure plan. However, she said the state might have to work out agreements with unions for employees who have already been laid off.

“That, I think, was a great victory for the public that we are able to have adequate human services,” Quinn said. “Think back [to] last summer of how dire this was. We were able to, I think, rescue the people of Illinois from a budget disaster.”

Republican Leader Christine Radogno, who called the session a “mixed bag,” said Quinn should have been more actively involved in the tax plan. She said when the two chambers battle over an issue, as they have tended to do recently, Quinn should work to diffuse the situation and find a compromise. She said a deal was not reached today because of "a failure of leadership."

Lawmakers look at public campaign financing and corporate tax breaks

By Jamey Dunn

Illinois lawmakers might approve tax cuts to help keep businesses in the state, but they apparently are a long way off from shelling out state dollars to finance political races.

A task force created under the law that set campaign donation limits in Illinois is delving into other potential campaign finance reforms. Today during a legislative hearing, the group looked at public funding of campaigns.

Rep. Elaine Nekritz, a Northbrook Democrat, told the task force that she doesn’t think the recently enacted contribution limits will change much in the state. “While I voted for the campaign [contribution] limits … I don’t really think that they do anything to take money out of campaigns, and out of politics, and out of influence of government. So, I would say, ‘Yes, we did that.’ But that’s been done since the 1970s at the federal level, and I don’t see anything that’s removed the influence of money or reduced the amount of expenditures on campaigns on the federal level,” she said. “So I don’t think that there’s any need to wait to see what the impact will be in the state of Illinois.”

Nekrtiz said that she supports spending limits. However, she said “the U.S. Supreme Court is not headed in that direction. So we have to find an alternate method to get that done, and I think the next best thing is to create incentives for candidates to control spending.”

She said that during the current budget crisis, money is probably too tight for the state to offer public funds to political candidates. But she said lawmakers should have a plan for when the state is on better financial footing. “It’s critical that we have the dialogue and be prepared [for] such time as we can come up with a source of funding for public financing.”

However, Kent Redfield, an emeritus political science professor at the University of Illinois Springfield, said any plan to publicly fund governor or General Assembly races would not find enough support to become a reality. “If you are trying to get a system to substitute public money for private money, I don’t think there’s a political will to do that. The cost is just way too high, and I’m not even sure that it’s good public policy to try and do that. You’d be spending so much money to affect a very small number of races, and the rest of it would be going to people who were either going to lose or win regardless of how much money was there.” Redfield said many candidates in close races likely would not take public funds because then they would be tied to a set amount of spending. “There are states that finance their gubernatorial races through public finance, and there’s longstanding traditions, and it would be really bad form not to take the money. They tend to be smaller states where it’s a lot cheaper to run. But to institute that kind of system in Illinois would be very difficult.”

The federal government offers public funding for presidential races, and at least a dozen states have some sort of public funding system for elected offices.

Redfield said that instead,  Illinois should offer smaller grants to candidates who raise money from small contributions, which often come from private citizens. Redfield said such grants would “encourage candidates to raise money in small amounts and provide resources for people who otherwise would not be able to run.”

He added, “Those are positive things for the system, but they’re not game changes in terms of who control the House or the Senate.”

Redfield did advocate for public funding for judicial races, saying that the state’s judiciary may have “crisis of credibility” in its future. “The more that you get big private interests that are interested in the outcome of a judicial decision engaged in political campaigns, the more you’re going to call the independence of the judiciary into question, and that’s very corrosive. If people don’t accept the legitimacy of the courts, the foundation of the whole system is gone.”

Meanwhile, the House Revenue and Finance Committee approved a plan today that is geared at keeping two businesses in the state.

Senate Bill 397 would offer about $100 million in tax breaks to the CME Group, which owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade, and Sears, both of which have recently threatened to leave the state. Other breaks meant to benefit the business community at large, such as an extension of the research and development tax credit, are also in the bill.

The plan also includes an increase to the earned income tax credit and a $50 bump in the personal income tax exemption. The proposal would cost an estimated $250 million annually, which is scaled back from a plan floated last week that would have eventually cost the state about $850 million a year. A vote on the package is expected in the House tomorrow.

State will let couples in civil unions file joint tax returns

By Jamey Dunn

UPDATED: Equality Illinois released a statement regarding the Illinois Department of Revenue's decision on state tax returns. See below.

Illinois couples in civil unions will now be required to file their state tax returns in the same way as married couples. The new plan is a reversal from a previous policy, under which couples in civil unions could not file state taxes together.

The Illinois Department of Revenue had decided that such couples would have to file separately because they could not file their federal taxes together. Sue Hofer, spokesperson for the Illinois Department of Revenue, said the agency looked to New York, which legalized same sex marriage this year, when trying to find a way to allow couples in civil unions to file joint state taxes.

Hofer said partners in a civil union would fill out the federal form as if they were married, and then fill out the state form as a married couple.  The federal return would be sent only to the state, along with the state form, to be used as a dummy to base the state return upon. Those in civil unions would still have to file separate federal returns as single because the federal government does not recognize their partnerships. Couples who do not wish to file a joint return would still file as married but would be able to file separate state returns.

Hofer said joint filing for state taxes will not result in large tax benefits for couples -- the substantial benefit comes at the federal level for couples with disparate incomes. If one person has a much smaller income, it can move the household into a lower tax bracket than the individual was in. “In Illinois because we are a flat tax state, you really aren’t going to see any significant change to your taxes. … With the state, everybody pays a 5 percent flat tax. But there will be some benefits.” She said that exemptions such as for property taxes or education expenses, could be applied a couple’s total income instead of just an individual’s earnings.

Randy Hannig, director of public policy for Equality Illinois, declined to comment specifically on the change because he said the group had not received an official announcement from the department. However, he said he is “cautiously optimistic.” UPDATE: From a prepared statement released by Equality Illinois Monday night: "Since the beginning of June when same-sex couples first started entering into civil unions, no one could speak with certainty about how this new status would affect state tax policy," said Hannig. "We immediately reached out to the Illinois Department of Revenue and started the process of figuring out a solid solution to this problem. Illinois law specifies that couples in a civil union are afforded the same rights and benefits as married spouses, so why should same-sex couples' state tax status be any different?” Illinois is the 10th state, including the District of Columbia, to allow same sex couples to file joint tax returns, according to Equality Illinois.

Hofer said the department will work in the coming weeks to get the word out about the change so couples in civil unions know what to do when filing their returns early next year. “We realize we had to make a decisions before the end of the year,” she said. “We will be talking with advocates and folks that this will impact.”

Rep. Greg Harris, a sponsor of the law that legalized civil unions in the state, said he did not know whether the department had created a final policy on the issue. “I do know in having talked to tax partners in a number of major law firms ... that this change would bring us in line with what other states do,” Harris said. He said the problems the department had in sorting out tax policy for couples in civil unions highlight a disparity that exists at the federal level. Harris, a Chicago Democrat, said because the federal government does not recognize civil unions, couples will miss out on tax benefits and have to jump through “additional hoops” to file state taxes together. “There’s still an inequality in the way relationships between same sex couples are treated and the way relationships between opposite sex couples are treated.”